Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Maternal Alcohol Consumption and Adrenalectomy on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rat Offspring

E-00552-2002.R2 In humans, low birth weight and increased placental weight can be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Low birth weight and increased placental size are known to occur after fetal alcohol exposure or prenatal glucocorticoid administration. Thus, the effects of removing the alcohol-induced increase in maternal corticosterone by maternal adrenalectomy on predictors of cardiovascular disease in adulthood were examined. Alcohol exposure of dams during the last two weeks of gestation resulted in significantly decreased fetal weight and increased placental weight on gestational day 21. Adult female, but not male, offspring of alcohol-consuming mothers exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy. Placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD-2) mRNA levels, measured by Northern blot, were decreased in females but not males. Adrenalectomy of alcohol consuming dams reversed the increase in placental weight and the decrease in female placental 11β-HSD 2 expression, and eliminated the left ventricular hypertrophy of adult female offspring. These data suggest that alcoholinduced changes in placental 11β-HSD-2 mRNA levels and left ventricular weight are coupled in female offspring only, and depend on maternal adrenal status.